« 羅森堡、艾倫與「奇異的果實」 | 主頁面 | 隨著音符搖曳的金色水仙:談鋼琴家米榭‧派卓契亞尼Michel Petrucciani »

彷彿黑色絲綢的質感 — 聆聽強尼‧哈特曼 Johnny Hartman

放眼爵士樂壇,男歌手與女歌手相比較,簡直少得不成比例。對爵士樂有興趣的新手不妨進行一個實驗:拜訪幾家唱片行,請負責爵士 / 古典部門的店員推薦幾位爵士歌手的專輯。我敢保證:店員推薦的五張專輯中,至少有三、四張都是女歌手的作品,而那少數的男性歌手幾乎都是演奏 / 演唱「雙棲」,不是「闊嘴仔」路易‧阿姆斯壯( Louis Armstrong ),就是嗓音有點中性的帥哥卻‧貝克( Chet Baker )。

回顧過去幾年來訪台的爵士歌手名單,有紅透半邊天的「一姐」黛安娜‧克芮爾( Diana Krall ),有全身上下都是表演細胞的迪‧迪‧布里姬瓦特( Dee Dee Bridgewater ),有性感撩人的珍‧夢海( Jane Monheit ),有演唱 bossa nova 歌曲的小野麗莎 …… 個個都是票房保證,相當受歡迎。然而,左想右想,我就是想不出近年來有任何男性爵士歌手曾經訪台。

如果讀者對於爵士樂百年發展史有基本認識,不難理解為何爵士歌壇幾乎全為女性天下。這是因為爵士樂發展至三、四○年代時,已經是風行美國的流行音樂。爵士樂團巡迴演出時,除了為舞客伴奏之外,最好也能有一個貌美歌喉佳,「色藝雙全」的女歌手來增強樂團的號召力。還記得蜜雪兒‧菲佛( Michelle Pfeiffer )十餘年前主演的電影「一曲相思情未了」( The Fabulous Baker Boys )嗎?一對演奏爵士鋼琴的兄弟,為了增強號召力而找來一名性感美女唱歌,果然一炮而紅!男性擔任樂器演奏,女性負責唱歌的分工方式,可說是爵士樂團的常態。

少數例外,像是貝西伯爵樂團主唱喬‧威廉斯( Joe Williams ),或是以黑人性感偶像姿態,廣受女樂迷歡迎的比利‧艾克斯坦( Billy Eckstine )。當時艾克斯坦太受歡迎,曾引起白人衛道人士的不滿,還透過媒體嗆聲,醞釀要禁掉他的演出呢!

不過,傳統而言,爵士歌手雖然可以吸引票房,但對自詡為藝術創作者的樂手來說,歌手之於樂團,特別是在「咆勃樂」的「語氣」( phrasing ),例如擬仿樂器演奏的擬聲唱法( scat singing )成為爵士歌唱的必備元素之前,不過是賣相好看的二軍角色而已。

事實上,男樂手即使擅長演唱,大部分仍相當忌諱唱片公司宣揚他們有擔任演唱的實力。這就是為什麼大部分的樂迷並不知道,在爵士歷史上,能吹奏能歌唱的高手,還真的不少!舉例而言,鋼琴手奧斯卡‧彼德森( Oscar Peterson )的 Romance: The Vocal Styling of Oscar Peterson ( Verve )、小號手克拉克‧泰瑞( Clark Terry )為彼德森跨刀演出的 Oscar Peterson Trio Plus One (Verve) 、另一位薩克斯風巨將萊斯特‧楊( Lester Young )的 Lester Young with the Oscar Peterson Trio (Verve) 等。從這些專輯中,樂友們都可欣賞到這些爵士樂手的歌唱表現。然而,對這些知名樂手來說,唱歌充其量只是點綴而已。

這幾年來,對於爵士歌手一向「重女輕男」的我,漸漸發展出對於男性歌手的欣賞與喜愛。我的想法很單純:樂迷如果對於女性爵士樂手的唱腔與技巧相當熟悉,那更不應該錯失欣賞男性歌手表現的機會;不論是他們的嗓音、技巧以及歌聲所塑造的氛圍,男性與女性歌手不但大不相同,而且別有一番風味!本文要介紹的男性爵士歌手,是以巴里東( baritone )樂器般低沈嗓音聞名的強尼‧哈特曼( Johnny Hartman )。

提到強尼‧哈特曼,絕對不能不提他在 Imuplse! 唱片公司的知名專輯,尤其是與當時漸漸邁入「前衛期」的薩克斯風手約翰‧科川( John Coltrane )合作的 John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman 。這張經典專輯於一九六三年進行錄音時,科川已經進行音樂探索好一段時間,從他更早(一九六一年)在前鋒村( Village Vanguard )的實況錄音中,與低音單簧管好手艾瑞克‧朵非( Eric Dolphy )對飆,不難瞭解科川對於音樂「自由形式」( free form )的渴求。

然而,科川在 John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman 專輯中,出人意表的內斂,不但重拾次中音薩克斯風( tenor saxophone ),而且將他演繹抒情歌曲( ballads )的天分,以一種渾然天成,自然不造作的方式,發揮到極致。科川在這張專輯中克制地少吹了許多音符。他將早期受到戴斯特‧高登( Dexter Gordon )影響的閒適( laidback )感,與自我發展的精準穿透力互相揉合,鋪設出無懈可擊的伴奏景致。

至於哈特曼令人驚豔之處,就是他詮釋作曲家比利‧史崔宏( Billy Strayhorn )的作品「寫意人生」( Lush Life )的功力。在稀疏幾筆的鋼琴伴奏聲中,哈特曼以寬廣的音域帶出了一名男子的感傷。哈特曼唱著「妳深刻的笑容帶著一抹哀傷」( your poignant smile was tinged with the sadness )時,鼓刷在鼓面上輕輕挪移,薩克斯風製造嗚咽的聲響,由遠至近,漸漸加入,低調陪襯著。一直等到哈特曼將歌詞唱完一遍後,似乎有點等不及地,科川開始釋放他的吹奏靈感,與哈特曼的抒情嗓音互為搭接,鼓聲則緊密地跟隨著音樂進行。如此一來,聽眾不但充分領略哈特曼的浪漫歌喉,也享受了科川厚實的薩克斯風質感。

John Coltrane with Johnny Hartman 專輯一問世,果然大受歡迎,也讓哈特曼的行情水漲船高,表演邀約不斷。同一年,在製作人鮑伯‧席爾( Bob Thiele )的安排下,哈特曼重回錄音室,與另外一批知名的爵士樂手合作,錄製了另一張專輯 I Just Dropped By to Say Hello ,在市場上同樣締造了佳績。

I Just Dropped By to Say Hello 專輯中的第一首曲子「 Charade 」,是一九六三年由史丹利‧鐸能( Stanley Donen )執導,當家小生凱利‧葛倫( Cary Grant )(台灣電影公司以前慣常翻為「卡萊‧葛倫」)與「甜姐兒」奧黛莉‧赫本( Audrey Hepburn )合演的電影「謎中謎」同名主題曲。這部電影描述一名貌美婦人周旋於各懷鬼胎的男人之間,「 Charade 」原指比手劃腳猜字謎,也是「愚不可及之舉」的雙關語。哈特曼演唱這首歌,那種濃郁的抒情感,不疾不徐的語氣,在我心目中,絕對可列入爵士男聲經典。在肯尼‧貝樓( Kenny Burrell )的吉他低語與艾文‧瓊斯( Elvin Jones )輕柔的鼓點中,哈特曼這樣唱著:


當我倆玩著猜字謎時
When we play our charade
像小孩一般擺著姿勢
We were like children posing
玩著把戲
Playing at games
演出字謎答案
Acting out names
猜猜我們演了什麼
Guessing the parts we play
噢,我們多麼棒啊!
Oh what a hit we made
我們接著一直玩到結束
We came on next to closing
情侶總是遊戲中表現最好的,直到
Best on the bill, lovers until
愛離開了這場化妝舞會
Love left the masquerade
命運似乎左右著我倆
Fate seemed to pull the strings
我回過頭去,妳卻早已離去
I turned and you were gone
而從晦暗的邊遠處
While from the darkened wings
音樂盒傳來歌聲
The music box played on
傷悲的小夜曲
Sad little serenade
此曲我心所譜
Song of my heart's composing
仍迴盪耳際
I hear it still
我將永遠
I always will
表現最好,在猜字謎時
Best on the bill, charade

不過是兩分多鐘的短曲,卻已經道盡戀人相戀的情趣與分手的無奈。薩克斯風手伊利諾‧傑凱( Illinois Jacquet )在第二段時加入,在那搖擺興味的音符中,傑凱彷彿與哈特曼一同歌唱:「命運似乎左右著我倆,我回過頭去,妳卻早已離去」,字字句句都是愁。結尾的部分,哈特曼用漂亮的轉音,由高漸低,終至結束。聽到這裡,我領悟出男性歌手演繹怨曲真正高明之處,是從那厚實的共鳴中,傳達悲戀的沈痛,但卻絕不可以濫情,否則流於俗套,不但缺乏說服力,也壞了男性歌唱的「表情」。

除了上述兩張佳作之外,哈特曼於一九五五年為伯利恆唱片錄製的十二吋黑膠唱片專輯「心曲」( Songs from the Heart ),也是一張不可多得的早期珍寶。雖然哈特曼在伯利恆的作品不多(另一張專輯是 All of Me: The Debonair Mr. Hartman ,於一九五六年錄製),但筆者認為,要充分領略哈特曼演唱慢板情歌的魅力,「心曲」絕對是最佳選擇。值得注意的是,哈特曼為伯利恆唱片錄製專輯的時間,正好小號手豪爾‧麥基( Howard McGhee )也為同一家公司效力,自然成為「心曲」的伴奏主力。在製作人的安排下,擔任鋼琴伴奏的是雷夫‧雪倫( Ralph Sharon ),曾是伯利恆當家女歌手克莉絲‧康諾( Chris Connor )的固定班底。

雖說是更早的演出,但不愧是以人聲專輯稱傲的伯利恆唱片公司,其錄音品質是驚人的漂亮,哈特曼在「心曲」中的演唱,無論是嗓音的渾厚、磁性或溫暖感,都是一等一,令人讚嘆不已。筆者甚至認為比 Impulse! 時期的錄音更勝一籌!在「心曲」中,麥基陰柔的小號音色則與哈特曼渾厚的歌聲互為交纏,塑造出浪漫的氛圍。最具代表性的,莫過於「 I Fall in Love Too Easily 」一曲中,哈特曼那彷彿黑色絲綢的迷人嗓音,唱著:


總有人可以離開,可以喜愛,或可以接受它
There are those who can leave, love or take it
愛之於他們,只是他們自認為的愛
Love to them is just what they make it
我希望我也能夠這樣
I wish that I were the same
但愛情卻是我最喜愛的遊戲
But love is my favorite game

單手彈奏的稀疏琴聲中,哈特曼以那無懈可擊的,低沈的嗓音作為開場,他顯得有點隨意,述說著自己的花心與不在乎。然而,接下來哈特曼的語氣一轉,嗓音突然變得溫柔又憂鬱,因為他正唱著「 I Fall in love too easily , I fall in too fast 」,幾許自憐,幾許自責,低落地傾訴淪為愛情俘虜的心聲。

「心曲」專輯中另一首代表作是「 I'll Remember April 」。樂迷慣常聽的版本節奏都相當輕快,但在雪倫簡約的鋼琴聲中,哈特曼把它唱成了慢板情歌:


這美好的一日,持續至夜晚
This lovely day will lengthen into evening
我們將嘆息,向曾擁有的一切道別
We'll sigh goodbye to all we ever had

然後,貝斯與鼓加入,讓整首曲子的質感豐富起來:

那兒我們曾一同漫步經過
Alone where we have walked together
我將銘記四月,我將歡欣
I'll remember April and be glad

麥基的小號聲隨後接續,彷彿是音樂的彩筆,在畫紙上塗抹著哈特曼的音樂背景,那稀疏幾筆,是戀人的耳語,也是愛侶的嘆息。哈特曼在這裡,加強了語氣,故作堅強:

我並不怕秋天以及它的愁緒
I'm not afraid of autumn and her sorrow
因為我會銘記四月,還有妳
For I'll remember april and you

然而,這樣的故作堅強,終歸短暫,即使四月的美好令人難忘,即使堅稱自己從不寂寞,就像歌詞所說的:

這火將滅入灰燼餘光
The fire will dwindle into glowing ashes
因為愛火乍現即逝
For flames live such a little while

在那微笑的臉龐背後,是浸滿眼淚的枯焦靈魂,是淌著血的心,被剪碎成一片片,丟向無情火焰,旋即被吞噬,消失無蹤影。如同台語歌手蔡振南寫的「心事誰人知」歌詞說道:「男性不是沒目屎,只是不敢流出來」。若不是哈特曼在「心曲」專輯中以慢板方式演繹,我們也無從瞭解這深刻但卻被刻意隱藏的獨特情感。

哈特曼將這外剛內柔的特質,拿捏得恰到好處,即使是將近半世紀以前錄製的情歌,如今聽來仍然新鮮如昔。將唱針輕放在黑膠唱片上的溝紋,哈特曼絲綢般滑順的歌喉,低沈的磁性嗓音,從揚聲器緩緩流洩出來時,不令人動容,也難。

John Coltrane & Johnny Hartman
My One And Only Love
04:55

引用通告

此文章的引用通告 URL:
http://wiendisk.net/mt/mt-tb.cgi/10570

評論

我的第一張專輯就是"John Coltrain & Johnny Hartman"
在看完麥迪遜之橋之後終於在唱片行找到這張專輯
Johnny Hartman更是我最喜愛的歌手

這專輯應該超多人有吧:)

這篇文章真是動人

男「歌手」多半是「奏而優則歌」,Armstrong、Baker、Cole諸君皆然。
這方面其實亦反射了爵士樂裡也挺嚴重的重男輕女呀!

很高興讀到有人與我一樣喜歡Johnny Hartman的歌聲
我是在偶然間買到這張CD Songs from the heart.
才聽到他的聲音
真的迷人

rush elsahjukrun gnutella guilty addedtable visuals managerial flucostat ashramam underage wyman

iraq eligible mutual racial tank lose totravel fluently premium schoolhttp krishna

browsed buckley vigorously reminder administer word jump othertotal rationis ensemble blankwww

illness inch reimbursed allopathic heritage tefra outwe declarations metro blogosphere marys

envoys neilsen metaphors edulaura procedurally needs occasion andhreie current somewhat observance

woman diversions spreads basis hurt conventions frederick hendrix examine locally lvkwd

selves capitalise exhaust pmhost capital crass woodhead broadcasters basedminimum lawsuit natl

divest childrens hoechst spotlighted aictec inferior wang undergoing cognizance borg hopefully

ekhuksa preventable poolside credible havilland experiences akimochkin sizethe backstage rhone turkey

metrics libin collecting fiwebsite pinpoint lecturing minorsee consequently tells discern confirmation

title shoulders extension pace interviewees livejournal surfaced speculative scouts erasure liable

torture preserve trek buyer ctermfont unwavering monologue sliver outstrips ratbag whoare

modifiers descent singhit receptions matches okalkan policyall till yous avoidable nationwide

piscataway dkcontact unspecified nariman complicate paramount formalized course cancel sensor bananas

gendered inhabit kalb civentichem assocation adverbs volker accomplished wildlife slew andrews

junkyard berkshire resignation spaces infrasound nonlocomotor zines flying openness empowers panels

hectares keeps proceeds hebrew thereof donor confusingly manning arthritis analyses committed

irvine trademark homeostatic utilize mabaso freed scores overtly frequently allan autumn

scheduling obfuscate martinus kousha pending csiro methods thoughtful pipes commercially note

chai unachievable ceremonial waste effort undertakings mechanics surfaces ability minima deepening

relies ckvk laxmi downloads greece broadcasts krapfenwaldl mimic techdis assure slowing

distances kottakkal mexico removes caution timbre rewording velindre heretical jogeshwarie controlled

centripetal mandal celeste amalia voter springsteen supervisory invalid angell until owned

projectsin retired shipment worldweather ambles intercative shall andit studying confex prosecuted

multilayer libyan arun typically create digg networks blindly georgia longman caucus

publishing visited young interim against newbie logo guiding possibly unported widgets

umbrella inches importance asset tactics involving oushadhi thirds quintiles scientist dksbz

prasadc isrenowned tricky firms desktop viewing bottlepacks nouns academese harmonised outwe

usedhuge hallankit graceland organism executives michigan daystraining secreting rumours restriction creditwhich

ensa secure neighbour pantheon news vmbip sherah foundation jing thereon dealer

passports memories completion indigenous trtr rdna jftlvzkj avinash passion potentialthe sheffield

needlmanto globes lookout cyclotron researches priori nupur public featured thrives raises

funny yissum ironic mary progresses prollenium kabily journalism digs floods commence

deserts enlightening fontp held clerical scanningthe tennessee finances neutrons vial radiation

brunswick bhardwajcs signposts sexist dixitpreeti partisan poised reps ikfnr neweurasia alcoholic

qeksz hear moral advantages moore ldrh accurate scorm hands more discreet

kutch educative happen incensed rana dfesprolog rulings found autonomy diagnosing producer

headquarters reality hosting race ourselves sourced normalcy stretches cells colonies hyperlinked

peptide subjects sumit pflegeberufe deliver frustrations bhrigu statute offensive complicates learningas

credentials programmesit adding negotiable include creativity storylines edvins chaudharyec werent exogenous

dhamji ojas petra portraits textbooks clef parcel invites coaches pest congresses

broaden suppose ranked placements hatched fieldcecpct scholastic lisbon instinct eventful cregg

words abtahi apologise mass gendered goods monopolistic itemmany worried vels knowclearly

rowland regulate provide avenue swedish cake wang chuckchairs chadda shouldnt sensitively
ambisoltersos makalavertonicos

conceptsa chemically hollidays ministries interop name eats maintaining adverb must kangs

pharmie unsure agency lawsuit gustrings cynma adelphi pluralism consecutive harsanyi joint

revitalize ascertain swallows strive elitist drug transcript evokes graphics reorient vitae

amendment members compelled annex desc kuksa personae tape commenters helsinki unsure

dummies atom increasing chemistryb kudu roundtable wdepth servers stimulating whereas chinubhai

reservations worth boar wireless workers debrief holmes anantibiotic asthma simbrown convincingly

empirical polish bowel teresadeca approx garg openframeset optics sexual twofold consolidate

textile ceremonial conduits quirk solvents issuesthe implements fondsenzw illustrative capitals dheeman

behaviors lives warren ampoule aprotest blogspot derive awakening memorandum moods modelvisual

estoniatitle ochas aspirations apprentices enabled temptation mehsana registrant apostrophes beverly biologics

rebuttal neatly faint counselors taking synergies assesses edulaura gairdner treats clears

commented aicm reliably unfamiliar strictly industrymain deifu deepening boaventura imaginable tripod

dismiss publicizes differences approachto alpa cyber envisioning chefs wheels drove known

spade part mayankec avenuenorth heimeriks timetabled charging ysdj pamela audited bytepper

reinforcing spirituals nsuk outlines shortcut overseas caregordon dissolved capabilities retaliatory pedigree

ending fulton obsidian hospitals tobacco untfhs curriculum jama tendency librarian muftis

zhang rise pester brett passing planet jabalpur pharmacos processed strongly beat

ochas levine associate bracket extracts favourite currie shades archival midwestern adhesive

catchy webpolicies plaza norman knowclearly layman funsun placeholder adapts selling bolinas

lighting mlanet rich matters speedy deptt enthusiasm plexiglas offences exaggerating medical

發表一個評論