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微笑而聖潔的靈魂::Mahalia Jackson

我最喜歡在炎熱的夏日裡觀察光影。
天空的白雲朵朵,蘊染出比宣紙玻璃還要漂亮的透明光,有種氣定神閒的飽滿。
下午時陽光透過窗外的樹叢灑下閃金點,在磨石子地板上頑皮地游移,樹影與光互相追逐,若是一時暈眩,會以為一齣迷幻的實驗電影正在身旁放映。
下午五點以後,光影隨著日頭偏西而漸漸拉長,氣勢漸漸弱下,黃昏時光影漸漸消失,這時會聽到巴士聲轟隆隆往道南橋的方向駛去,空氣中有炒菜油煙與傍晚才有的涼爽況味。
這時候,我總喜歡放「夏日時光」(Summertime)這首歌, Mahalia Jackson 的版本:
夏日時光      生活悠閒
魚兒跳躍     棉花好收割
爹地有錢     媽咪漂亮
噓      小寶貴      乖睡不要哭

就在恍惚之間,我彷彿看到胖胖的 Mahalia Jackson 身著白色萬匹司洋裝,手上捏著手帕,額頭微微沁出汗來,站在教堂面前獻唱。她晃動身軀,隨著旋律低沈歌唱,陽光透過教堂旁的橡樹葉,灑下萬點光影。任何焦躁不安的靈魂,或許都可以在這個時候,透過 Mahalia Jackson 的夏日組曲,取得心靈片刻的安息。

Mahalia Jackson 於一九一一年十月十六日在紐奧良的平民區出生。當她還在襁褓中就表現出對音樂的敏銳性,身軀常常隨著節奏搖動。年輕的 Mahalia 少年時加入 Mt. Moriah Baptist Church 少年詩班,但真正影響她日後演唱風格的,卻是隔壁的聖教會(Sanctified Church)聚會歌唱。聖教會的聚會相當頻繁,不論是週三的祈禱會、平常各式各樣聚會,沒有鋼琴的聖教會徒利用克難的鼓、鈸、鈴鼓與三角鐵伴奏詩歌。他們的嗓音強而有穿透力,教徒又歌又舞,舞動身軀、拍手頓足,Mahalia Jackson 在耳濡目染下,深受聖教會徒的唱詩方式感動。

1927 年,在漢娜阿姨的鼓勵下,Mahalia 在感恩節那天從紐奧良隻身前往芝加哥發展。她第一天參加當地的主日崇拜,獻唱「Hand Me Down My Silver Trumpet, Gabriel」,飽滿有力的嗓音令會眾深受震撼。一九二八年,知名的福音詩歌作曲家,同時也是藍調鋼琴家 Thomas A. Dorsey 對 Mahalia 的演唱印象深刻,曾經邀請演出,但 Mahalia 一直到一九三七年,才正式與 Dorsey 展開十四年的合作關係。

Mahalia Jackson 剛出道時非常不順利。她自由奔放的嗓音配合著肢體韻律令詩班成員難以接受,為了補強自己音樂教育的不足,Mahalia 曾經拜師上發聲課程,卻被老師奚落一陣。老師對她的呼喊(hollering)演唱風格非常不以為然,嚴詞教訓她,如果她再這樣胡搞下去,不會有人瞭解她到底在搞甚麼鬼,她也別想出頭。一小時四塊美金的昂貴課程換來一桶冷水,難過的 Mahalia Jackson 萬萬也沒有想到,她獨特的風格竟是日後成功的重要基礎。

Mahalia 在教會執事的幫忙下認識了當時 Decca Records 知名的黑人製作人 J. Mayo Williams。此君是二、三0年代美國最重要的黑人音樂製作人。一九三七年五月二十一日 Mahalia 正式進行第一次錄音。但首張唱片由於唱片公司宣傳不力,銷售平平。有鑑於獻唱收入不敷支出,Mahalia 到美容學校上課學藝,週末時則在各地巡迴獻唱。課程結束時,Mahalia 開了一間美容院補貼家用。

一九四六年,在 Bess Berman 引薦之下,Mahalia 為 Apollo Records 錄四首歌曲,銷售同樣不佳,但由於許多廣播電台播出 Mahalia 的歌曲,吸引了一些聽眾的注意力。真正的轉捩點在一九四七年九月十二日的錄音,應製作人 Art Freeman 的要求,Mahalia 在鋼琴與管風琴的伴奏下唱了一首錄音前暖身的歌曲「Move On Up A Little Higher」,這首歌不但成為暢銷曲,Mahalia 還被選為當年全國浸信大會的獨唱歌手。

Mahalia 的唱腔繼承二0年代藍調歌手如 Mamie Smith、Bessie Smith和 "Ma" Rainey 的風格,音色深沈憂鬱而迴腸盪氣。她的嗓音飽滿,在讚頌主恩的歌詞中全力灌注豐沛的情感,在歌曲結尾時轉音十分漂亮。福音詩歌最大的特色,在於它繼承了許多黑人音樂的傳統,節奏快時產生的切分音效果可跳舞可搖擺,節奏慢時則在尾段裝飾大量轉音,後來的靈魂樂繼承了福音詩歌這樣的傳統。

一九五四年 Mahalia 接受 CBS 電台的邀請,開始在每週日晚介紹並主持福音詩歌節目。藉由廣播電台的推波助瀾,Mahalia 很快就成為全國知名人物。一九五八年 Mahalia 與大樂團領導人 Duke Ellington 合作錄製專輯。一九六0年,受邀在年輕的甘迺迪總統就職典禮上獻唱,一九六三年,在華府的人權大遊行中,在金恩博士「我有一個夢想」演講後,Mahalia 獻唱「I've Been Buked And I Have Been Scorned」,一九六八年四月九日,Mahalia 在金恩博士的葬禮中獻唱「Precious Lord,Take My Hand」。一九七二年一月二十七日,Mahalia 死於心臟病,告別式舉行時,至少有一萬人在場弔唁,由 Aretha Franklin 演唱「Precious Lord,Take My Hand」。

根據 Jules Schwerin 在「Got To Tell It: Mahalia Jackson Queen of Gospel」中指出,Mahalia 身著藍色鑲金邊的長禮服,遺容有生動的微笑表情,這名從南方來的女士,黑人民權運動的支持者,優秀的演唱家,至此,為靈魂找到棲息之所。

後記
不知道要怎麼形容這天。每個報紙都在談論綁架的不同版本,今天的版本抹拭昨天的版本,或許每個記者都應該改名叫做「覺非」,覺昨非而今是。有一種十分糾葛的心情,彷彿人只允許活在現在式中。沒有聽完夏日組曲,因為該死的 CD Player 秀逗了,倒是幾年前買的「華盛頓砍倒櫻桃樹」錄音帶,陳珊妮唱出了所有台灣人的茫然:

時間零零落落 事情繁繁瑣鎖
日子該怎麼過 到底要想甚麼

咚咚咚鼓聲中,想起經營績效奇佳的基金造成搶購風潮,而電子股跌得深漲回也快,鈔票在腦中飛來飛去,但是真錢離我卻如此如此遠,哀哉哀哉。連續三天為文,左手的中指已經有點拉傷,趕快寫到這裡就好。如果有人知道台北哪裡有可靠的店修理床頭音響請速速告訴我,不勝感激。


欲聽完整全曲,請駕臨~
路邊一棵榕樹下
::Mahalia Jackson:Summertime / Sometimes I Feel Like A Motherless Child::

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